The use of incense has a rich and extensive history, reaching far back into ancient times. Historical records indicate that incense was commonly used in Near Eastern countries, where it was burned for its fragrance. This raises the question: Was incense simply an ancient form of air freshener?
Over time, incense transitioned from secular applications to religious practices. Pagans incorporated it into the worship of their deities. For example, one account mentions that during a festival honoring Baal, the Babylonians burned 1,000 talents of frankincense. Frankincense was also among the gifts presented by the Magi, signifying its value as a gift fit for a king.
Incense in Ancient Texts
References to incense can be found as early as the Book of Exodus. In Chapter 30, Moses is instructed to construct an altar of acacia wood specifically for burning incense, and Aaron is to burn incense each morning and evening. Additionally, Exodus 30:34-38 provides Moses with a precise formula for incense to be used exclusively in the worship of Yahweh. This sacred incense is to be composed of equal parts of storax, onycha, galbanum, and frankincense, carefully blended and ground into a fine dust. The incense is to be placed before the Commandments within the meeting tent.
The sweet aroma of incense and its rising smoke naturally lent themselves to symbolic interpretation. The rising smoke began to symbolize the prayers of individuals or communities ascending to God. It became an image of something pleasing to God.
Read also: Understanding anemia spiritually
What is The Significance of Burning Incense ? | Sadhguru
Incense in Christianity
Early Christians also recognized symbolic meaning in the use of incense. In the Book of Revelation, John describes a vision of heaven featuring a heavenly liturgy where the 24 elders worship the slain lamb. These elders hold harps and golden bowls filled with incense, which are described as "the prayers of the holy ones" (5:8). Consequently, incense holds both ritual and symbolic significance for Christians today.
Burning incense serves as a sign of reverence and dedication. During a funeral Mass, incensing the body shows respect for what was once the temple of God. In more solemn liturgies, incensing the Book of Gospels signifies reverence for the word of God and Christ himself, the Word Incarnate. Incensing the altar demonstrates respect for Christ, whom the altar represents, and His sacrifice made present upon it. Similarly, incensing the Easter candle symbolizes reverence for Christ, the light of the world. Finally, incensing the Blessed Sacrament at Benediction is an act of adoration and worship directed toward Christ, truly present upon the altar.
Incense and Transmutation
The symbolism of burning incense, as mentioned in Luke 1:9, represents transmutation. The finer essences of the body are transmuted to what can be termed the fourth or radiant dimension, laying a firm foundation for an organism of permanent character. Paul refers to this as the "celestial" body.
Read also: Light Blue: Calmness and Healing
Burning "incense upon the altar of incense" (II Chron. 26:16) is the most delicate and secret process that occurs within the body. It is a process of transmutation where the animal nature undergoes refinement and transformation; the corruptible takes on incorruption. This is symbolized by the offerings made to the Lord by the Israelites through the priests.
Here is a table summarizing the symbolic meanings of incensing various objects in Christian liturgy:
| Object | Symbolic Meaning |
|---|---|
| Body at a Funeral Mass | Reverence for the body as the former temple of God |
| Book of Gospels | Reverence for the Word of God and Christ |
| Altar | Respect for Christ and His sacrifice |
| Easter Candle | Reverence for Christ as the light of the world |
| Blessed Sacrament | Adoration and worship of Christ present on the altar |
Read also: Explained: Spiritual Blessings